Vocabulary # 13: Volcanoes

Hot spot: a very hot part of the mantle, where magma can melt through a plate moving above it
                                    

Vent: A central opening in a volcanic area through wich magma may escape

                                                     



Lava: Magma that reaches Eart`s surface and flows out of a vent

                               

Crater: a cuplike hollow that forms at the top of a volcano around the vent

                                          

Cinder-Cone volcano: A steep-sidde cone that forms from explosive eruptions of hot rocks, ranging from particles to boulders
                              

Shield volcano: A wide, gently sloped cone that forms from flows a  lava
                               

Composite Volcano: a cone formed from explosive eruptions  of hot rocks followed by s flow of lava, over and over

                                

Geothermal energy: Heast from below Earth`s surface

                            

Vocabulary # 12: Galaxies and Beyond

Galaxy: A large group of stars held together by gravity
                          

Milky Way: Our home galaxy
                    


Spectrum: a band of colors mades when white light is broken up

                                              

Expansion redshift: The shift of a spectrum af galaxy toward longer (redder) wavelengths due to the expansion of space
 
                               


Big Bang: The beginning of the universe, when the density of the universe was very high
                           


Background radiation: electromacnetic radiation left over from the big bang

                            

Quasar: An extremely bright,extremely distant, high-energy source 

                                

Vovabulary # 11 : Stars

Star: a large, hot ball of gases, wich is held together by gravity and gives off its orn light
                          
         

Parallax:The apparent shift in an object`s location when viewed from two positions

                        

Light-year:The distance light travels in a year

                              

Constellation: A number of stars that appears to form a pattern
                        

Magnitude:The brightness of star

                                               

Nebula: A cluod of a gas and dust in space

                                                     


Supernova: A star that explodes
                              


Black hole: An object whose gravity is so strong that light cannot escape it
                               

Vocabulary #10: The Outer Solar System

Comet: a ball of rock and ice that orbits the Sun
                           
Meteoroid: A small asteroid (rocky object that orbits the Sun), wich may  be far out in the solar system or close to the inner planets

                          


Meteor: A meteroit that enters Earth`s atmosphere and burns with a streak of light
                            
                              
                        

                       

Meteorite: Any part of a meteoroid that reaches Earth`s surface


                           
                            

Vocabulary # 9: The Inner Solar System

Planet:   A large body orbiting a star,such as the Sun

Solar System: A star,such as the sun ,and all the objects orbiting it

Asteroid: A rocky, metallic object that orbits the Sun

Kepler´s laws: Laws that summarize the movement of the planets

Vocabulary 8:The Moon in Motion

Phase of the Moon: the shape of the lighted part of the Moon  seen from Earth at any time

Lunar eclipse:A blocking of a view of the full Moon when Earth`s shadow

Solar eclipse:A blocking out of a view of the Sun when Earth passes throrugh th Moon`s shadow

Tide :The regular  rise and fall of the water level along a shorline